Routers: the Essentials
Routers are tremendously useful and versatile tools. In essence they resemble a drill, but with a tough rotating bit that can cut sideways as well as downwards.
This means that they can be used to rout out or cut detailed joints and patterns to specific depths in wood, metal, plastic and other materials.
As a result they can be used to prepare, shape and trim. Routers come in different types, and may be either hand-held or computer controlled for intricate and precision work.
In all cases some features to bear in mind are fences, to guide the router bit; a dust extraction facility to remove the worst of the sawdust; a variable speed control (the speed will partially determine the quality of finish, but larger bits require a slower speed to prevent damage to themselves or to the work); and a depth stop to limit the level to which the router bit will drill.
Types of router
There are two main types of router. Plunge-base routers sit above the work and are lowered into it after being switched on. They can be slightly awkward to handle and adjust, but are generally better if you are making a high volume of cuts.
Fixed-base routers require that the rout depth is set first, and then they are used to cut from the side (so a plunge-base model may be easier if you need to start in the middle of a surface).
As important as the router type are the router bits. These come in a variety of diameters and surfaces, such as carbide edged. Because they are subject to heavy use (up to 30,000 rpm), it is worth paying a little extra for high-quality cutters. Many are general purpose, though others are designed for particular jobs, shapes of cut and finishes.
Pic credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ingorrr/
